An emissions-trading scheme to cover buildings and road transport is due to kick in in 2027, but has been criticized by many member states. 

Despite the availability of eBLs, many shippers, carriers, banks and freight forwarders continue to rely on paper rather than juggle multiple systems, interfaces and contracts.

The Iran-backed Houthi militia has repeatedly attacked ships in the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden, upending trade in the vital waterway.

Industry insiders had previously expected the rules, years in the making, to pass, despite U.S. pressure.

Despite a 19% year-over-year increase in container volume, the Port of Los Angeles recorded its best year ever for reducing emissions on a per container basis.

The port's record third quarter numbers were in spite of a 7.5% year-over-year dip in TEUs in September, as the peak shipping season drew to a close.

Dubbed ONE LEAF+, the service allows shippers to transport cargo on ships using UCOME biofuel, which generates 84% fewer carbon emissions compared to standard marine fuel.

The U.S. port fees took effect on the same day as new tariffs on imported furniture, kitchen cabinets and lumber.

China also announced that it would be looking a 2024 probe launched by the USTR, which asserted that China's dominance in the shipbuilding sector posed a national security threat. 

The industry had already been racing to find workarounds to blunt the blow from the USTR's punishing port fees. Now it faces additional challenges from China’s retaliation.