Online grocery shopping has been on the rise, with perishable food items emerging as one of the key components driving growth. A recent report shows that a large percentage of consumers who have embraced online grocery shopping are making weekly orders for perishable items, including fruits, vegetables, meat, seafood, bread and other bakery items.

The trend in online perishable food sales poses a unique and complex logistical challenge. To avoid spoilage, these items must be stored and transported at controlled temperatures, while also meeting strict delivery timeframes.

Such demands can leave last-mile logistics companies with a difficult choice between efficiency and sustainability, but there are options that allow both to be achieved. Following are steps that can help companies to make progress on the path to sustainable perishable logistics.

Deploy technology to enhance efficiency in temperature control. The refrigeration necessary for keeping perishable foods fresh has the potential to impact the environment in two ways. The first involves hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), which are the primary refrigerants used in cooling systems. Breakdowns in refrigeration equipment can cause HFCs to be released into the atmosphere.

HFCs are a dangerous greenhouse gas. While they only represent a small portion of greenhouse gas emissions — approximately 2% by some estimates — their impact on global warming is believed to be thousands of times higher than that of carbon dioxide. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency recently announced plans to significantly cut back on the use of HFCs for refrigeration purposes.

Opting for equipment using alternative refrigerants is one step toward making perishable food logistics more sustainable. Refrigeration systems that use ammonia, which has virtually no impact on the environment if released into the air, are considered to be much safer for the environment than systems using HFCs.

Emissions resulting from energy production are another sustainability factor that must be addressed, as perishable logistics require products to be processed in refrigerated warehouses and transported in refrigerated vehicles, all of which require higher-than-average energy draws. Efforts to enhance the efficiency of refrigeration systems can dramatically decrease environmental impacts.

Optimizing insulation in warehouses and delivery vehicles can improve energy efficiency in perishable logistics, along with adjusting temperatures based on a vehicle’s contents. Technological innovations such as variable speed compressors can provide optimal cooling with minimal energy use.

Optimize routing to reduce emissions. By reducing the amount of time that delivery vehicles are on the road, perishable goods handlers can cut back on both emissions and fuel needs.

Route optimization platforms utilize artificial intelligence to analyze data on traffic, weather and delivery details to determine the most efficient routes. Such systems can even help guide delivery vehicles so that drivers can more quickly identify and remove items at each stop. Moreover, continuous monitoring of data sources allows these platforms to dynamically update routes as conditions change, sending updates to drivers when necessary.

In some cases, route optimization involves multimodal transport. Large vehicles may be most efficient for getting deliveries to micro-warehouses, where they’re redistributed to smaller vehicles for the last phase of delivery. Reliance on automated vehicles, which are often electric, for grocery and prepared food delivery is an emerging practice that promises to increase sustainability.

Enhance the efficiency of storage facilities. With perishable logistics, transportation is just part of the equation. There’s also the need to enhance the efficiency of warehouses.

In addition to installing better insulation and refrigeration systems, warehouses can upgrade lighting with energy-efficient LED technology. Sensors and timers ensure that the lights are only on when necessary.

Improved temperature monitoring can also drive higher levels of efficiency, providing information to automated, artificial intelligence-driven platforms that dynamically adjust temperatures.

Utilize local suppliers to reduce supply chain complexity. The reduction of transportation distances plays a significant role in lessening the environmental impact of perishable logistics. Partnering with local suppliers for perishable goods can support higher sustainability, as well as reduce the likelihood of food spoilage.

For all its environmental benefits, increasing sustainability in perishable logistics is a complex endeavor. Businesses must strive to take advantage of the latest technology to boost efficiency, while also considering new strategies for shrinking the supply chain.

Anar Mammadov is chief executive officer of Senpex Technology.