The Balboa port is one of two terminals along the strategic Panama Canal that have become a flashpoint in the intensifying rivalry between the U.S. and China in Latin America.
According to the International Maritime Organization, some 20,000 civilian seafarers are stuck on board trapped ships and the other utility and support vessels.
The regulations allow the government to target foreign organizations and individuals if they suspend normal trade with China in violation of market rules.
The proposed bill would blacklist some of China's biggest chip companies, and give U.S. allies 150 days to show progress with aligning on these controls.