Performance in 2013 is considerably better than the $7.4bn net profit of 2012. The upward trend should continue into 2014 when airlines are expected to return a net profit of $16.4bn. This would make 2014 the second-strongest year this century after the record breaking $19.2bn profit in 2010.

"Overall, the story is largely positive. Profitability continues on an improving trajectory. But we have run into a few speed bumps. Cargo growth has not materialized. Emerging markets have slowed. And the oil price spike has had a dampening effect. We do see a more optimistic end to the year. And 2014 is shaping up to see profit more than double compared to 2012," said Tony Tyler, IATA's Director General and CEO.

Airline performance remains strong. This year, airlines are expected to post the same operating margin (3.2 percent) as in 2006, even with a 54-percent hike in jet fuel prices. The industry has been able to absorb this enormous cost increase as a result of changes in the industry structure (through consolidation and joint ventures), increased ancillary sales and reduced new entry due to tight financial markets. Moreover, the industry is expected to have a relatively good year even with global economic growth at 2.0 percent. Previously 2.0 percent gross domestic product growth was considered the point below which airlines posted losses.

Major Forecast Drivers for 2013

Economic Growth: Airline profits generally follow broad economic trends. Business confidence bottomed out at the end of 2012 and we have been expecting an acceleration of economic activity to follow. That has not yet materialized. GDP growth in 2013 is now expected to be 2.0 percent which is slightly below the 2.2 percent recorded in 2012. Within that overall trend, we have seen an acceleration of improvements in developed markets (particularly the US) and a deceleration of growth in some key emerging markets (India, Brazil and to some extent China).

Oil Price: Oil prices are expected to average at $109/barrel (Brent) for the year. While this is $1.0 higher than previously expected, jet fuel prices have softened slightly. We now expect jet fuel prices to average $126.4/barrel ($1.0 less than expected). The net impact on the overall fuel bill (which is expected to total $213bn and account for 31 percent of total costs) is expected to be neutral. The impact of the Syrian crisis and higher oil prices has been felt more through a dampening of demand.

Cargo: Cargo markets remain in the doldrums. Growth of 0.9 percent is expected (down from the previously projected 1.5 percent). The ability of airlines to match cargo capacity to demand is limited by the natural growth in belly capacity that occurs as airlines respond to passenger demand. As a result of this mismatch, cargo yields are expected to fall by 4.9 percent this year (deeper than the 2.0-percent decline previously projected). Cargo revenues are expected to show an $8bn decline to $59bn from their peak in 2011. By comparison passenger revenues expanded by $68bn to $565bn over the same period.

Passenger: Passenger growth remains robust at 5.0 percent, although slightly below the 5.3 percent previously projected and below the 5.3-percent growth recorded in 2012. Passenger numbers are expected to grow to 3.12 billion"”the first time that they have topped the 3 billion mark. Yields are expected to be flat for the year (below the 0.3 percent growth previously projected). It should however be noted that load factors are at record highs (80.2 percent) and yields in the US are above pre-recession levels.

Source: IATA