"Part of the reduction can be attributed to the strong U.S. dollar as compared with other currencies, but this is not the whole picture, particularly for hull and offshore energy where much of the original business is written in dollars," says Astrid Seltmann, vice chairman of IUMI’s Facts & Figures Committee. "All business lines suffered a real reduction in premium income due, in the main, to a sluggish global economy, low commodity prices and reduced activity, specifically in the offshore sector."

The 2015 total comprised income from the following regions:

• Europe 50.4%

• Asia Pacific 27.1%

• Latin America 9.8%

• North America 5.9%

• Other 6.8%

and the following business lines:

• Global hull 25.0%

• Transport/cargo 52.9%

• Marine liability 7.1%

• Offshore/energy 15.0%

Technical insurance results for the 2014 underwriting year deteriorated strongly for cargo, hull and energy sectors compared with last year’s reported data for the same period. Results always deteriorate over time due to the lag in registering and paying claims, but the deterioration in 2014 was above average. This was due to substantial, but not unexpected, increases in reported outstanding loss reserves for the 2014 underwriting year. There were a number of major claims occurring in 2015 which were attached to the 2014 underwriting year, but actual amounts were not known when last year’s figures were published. These major claims included Tianjin (cargo); a series of major hull losses (representing an increase in costly hull losses compared with the relatively benign previous year); and a high number of costly offshore energy related losses. A proportion of these losses were attributed to the 2014 underwriting year whilst the remainder fell within the 2015 underwriting year.

Cargo sector
Premium income in the cargo sector reached $15.8bn for 2014, which is a 9.1 percent reduction on the 2014 figure. However, the strong U.S. dollar masked the real income number which made it difficult to identify any real market development.
The Tianjin disaster is the largest cargo loss ever recorded and its full effects on the 2014 and 2015 underwriting years are still unclear. The risks of costly cargo claims are expected to increase in the future with the increasing accumulation of values in ports and on single vessels, and a higher probability for claims caused by natural catastrophes.

The 2015 underwriting year began with a cargo loss ratio that was higher than in 2014. The Chinese economic slowdown coupled with a slide in commodity prices will continue to impact negatively on world trade and, consequently, cargo insurance premiums. These uncertainties make it difficult to predict future earnings, but 2016 has the potential for large claims connected with Hanjin Shipping’s current difficulties and the loss of the Amos 6 satellite.

Hull sector
The hull sector achieved a premium income of $7.5bn for 2014, which was a 8.4 percent reduction on the 2014 figure. Exchange rates are likely to have impacted this number but to a lesser degree than for cargo, due to the global nature of the portfolio. Although the world fleet continues to grow, the average insured vessel value has been reducing, which has had a correspondingly negative effect on premium income.

Claims frequency continues a downward trend as does total loss frequency despite a minor uptick in 2015. Repair costs are stable or slightly reducing, which is likely to be a result of a strong U.S. dollar – premiums are collected in dollars whereas repair costs are paid out in local currencies.

2014 saw an exceptionally low number of major losses, but that number returned to normal levels last year. So far the losses this year have been low but past performance is not a reliable indicator of future results, therefore the remainder of this year and into 2017 is not easy to predict.

Offshore energy
Premium income in this sector dropped a massive 20 percent to $4.5bn in 2015. The majority of business was transacted in U.S. dollars and so the strong dollar could not be culpable for this decrease. Income is likely to drop further as planned projects are postponed or cancelled.

Hurricane/weather issues have not made any real impact in recent years, but a series of high profile losses in 2015 have had a significant effect.

The strong drop in premiums is expected to continue into 2016 and current conditions dictate that a market upturn is not expected for some time. The low oil price has forced the cancellation/postponement of a number of offshore projects, particularly in deep water and in the Arctic region. Low interest rates and stock market instability is also likely to impact negatively in the future.

Outlook
The 2016 market remains challenging for all lines of business. Although claims reported during the first six months of 2016 appear to be relatively modest, in all marine lines the potential for a major claim resulting from the increased accumulations risk is always a possibility.

Source: IUMI