The deal will help to demonstrate that "trade is good for the middle class and those working hard to join it," Mr. Trudeau said at a news conference in Brussels. Mr. Trudeau said he wanted to "make sure that everyone gets that this is a good thing for our economies but it's also a good example to the world."

But Walloon intransigence has underlined the extent to which trade has become politically radioactive as citizens increasingly blame globalization for growing disparities in wealth and living standards. Across Europe and the United States, opposition to trade has become a rallying point for populist movements on the left and the right, threatening to upend the established political order.

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