European allies are pushing to limit any financial benefit to Russian President Vladimir Putin, and Asian nations are grappling with energy shortages from the war with Iran.
China accounts for roughly 60% of global mined production of magnet rare earths, as well as more than 90% of refining, and 95% of permanent magnet production.
According to the International Maritime Organization, some 20,000 civilian seafarers are stuck on board trapped ships and the other utility and support vessels.