The U.S. trade deficit narrowed in April by the most on record on the largest-ever plunge in imports, illustrating an abrupt end to the massive front-loading of goods by some companies ahead of higher tariffs.

The gap in goods and services trade shrank 55.5% from the prior month, to $61.6 billion, the smallest since 2023 and more than completely reversing the sharp widening that occurred in the first quarter, Commerce Department data showed June 5. The median estimate in a Bloomberg survey of economists was for a $66 billion deficit.

Imports of goods and services declined a record 16.3% in April, while exports increased 3%.

The sharp narrowing in April puts trade on track for a large contribution to gross domestic product in the second quarter after being largely responsible for a 0.2% annualized decline in first-quarter GDP. Higher U.S. reciprocal duties on most imported goods that went into effect early in the month helps explain the huge slowdown in inbound shipments from overseas producers.

It’s unclear how much net exports will boost the calculation for the April-June period. That’s because President Donald Trump has dialed back or delayed some of the import taxes, or raised them on certain products like steel and aluminum. The administration has also said it’s been negotiating with a number of countries on new trade deals.

The April trade report showed imports of consumer goods slumped $33 billion, largely due to a sharp decline in inbound shipments of pharmaceutical preparations. Imports of industrial supplies, motor vehicles and capital equipment also declined.

The drop in imports of pharmaceuticals resulted in a sharp narrowing in the U.S. goods-trade deficit with Ireland, a major source of those components. That shrank to a seasonally adjusted $9.5 billion from $29.3 billion a month earlier. 

Meanwhile, the goods-trade deficit with China narrowed to $19.7 billion. China is a key target of the Trump administration’s tariffs, as the president seeks fairness in bilateral commerce and aims for more foreign investment in the U.S., stronger domestic production and improved national industrial security. Trump also sees import duties as a means to raise revenue for the government.

The shortfalls with both Canada and Mexico also narrowed.

On an inflation-adjusted basis, the total U.S. merchandise trade deficit narrowed to $85.6 billion in April, the smallest since the end of 2023.

Survey data from the Institute for Supply Management indicate the trade deficit continued to shrink in May. An index of manufacturer imports showed the steepest contraction since 2009.